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You are at a restaurant and you bite into a chilli pepper. Your eyes start to water. You cough. You sweat. Your lips, tongue and mouth burn. It feels like your head is going to explode. Your only thought is: "Help! How can I put out this fire?" What makes it burn is a chemical called capsaicin (or capsicum). Capsaicin is the oil found in no other plant expect hot pepper. It is colourless and odourless. But if you put one drop of that oil into 100,000 drops of water and drank it, you would still feel the heat. Here is why it feels like a fire in your mouth: your tongue has sensors that cause you to feel pain from high temperatures. These sensors make you feel such pain. Some kinds of chilli pepper are hotter than others. Therefore, the extra heat has to do with the type – not the amount – of capsaicin.